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SIX Swiss Exchange
A national exchange built on merger, not markets — and still running the same core code that made it first in line.
Money without a state, and everything that follows from that.

PayPal is a case study in opportunistic infrastructure: built on a dead-end tech idea, it succeeded only after latching onto a specific, messy, high-volume use case — eBay auctions — and charging for reliability in a trust vacuum.
ABB is a post-merger industrial incumbent whose value lies in proven, regulated, physical infrastructure — not software, platforms, or scalability stories.