Rio Tinto (corporation)
Rio Tinto is a British–Australian multinational mining company founded in 1873, headquartered in London and Melbourne, and operating globally as a major producer of copper, iron ore, aluminium, and lithium. Its history includes early dominance in Spanish copper production, strategic diversification after 1925, pivotal mergers — notably with Consolidated Zinc in 1962 and Alcan in 2007 — and extensive international expansion. The company is dual-listed on the London and Australian stock exchanges and has faced recurring criticism over environmental damage, corruption allegations (especially in Guinea), human rights concerns (e.g., Juukan Gorge), workplace culture issues, and legal challenges related to bribery and espionage. Its operational structure spans four product-based business units and numerous subsidiaries across six continents, with core assets concentrated in Australia and Canada.